Pride and Prejudice Essay The Function Of Dance - 2224 Words

The Function Of Dance in Pride And Prejudice In Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice, set in the Regency Period, dance performs several important functions. Dance patterns emulate courtship rituals, marking dance as a microcosm for courtship and marriage - two main themes of the novel. The Regency period propagated the belief that no ingredient was more essential to a courtship than dancing: To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love... (Austen 7). Therefore, knowledge of dance - dance steps as well as dance etiquette - was a crucial necessity and was often acquired through study and awareness of conduct codes. These crucial codes were disseminated through popular courtesy/conduct books, which†¦show more content†¦Some examples of negative manifestations of character include Lydia and Kitty Bennet and Mr. Collins. Lydia and Kitty exhibit an extreme irreverence and total lack of societal understanding; from their shameless soldier-chasing to Lydias scandalous affair with Wickham, these two exemplify social behaviors to be avoided. They reveal their weak natures on the dance floor through excessive giggling, cavorting, and tipsiness. Mr. Collinss behavior marks him as a comic figure. During the first two dances at Netherfield, Mr. Collins reveals his character in a way contrary to his own self-perception. As Elizabeth, his partner for those dances, recalls: . . . they were dances of mortification. Mr. Collins, awkward and solemn, apologising instead of attending, and often moving wrong without being aware of it, gave her all the shame and misery which a disagreeable partner for a couple of dances can give. The moment of her release from him was exstacy. (Austen 61) It is important to note, however, that aberration from accepted societal norms did not always result in negative associations. Ironically, Austens heroes and heroines, such as Elizabeth and Darcy, establish themselves as the protagonists through their blatant disregard for courtesyShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesliberation movements. Much significance of the play can be found in the characterization of its female protagonist Nora. In many aspects, Nora has become an iconic character, serving as a source of inspiration to various social and cultural movements. This essay aims to trace the development of Nora’s behavior from a â€Å"female doll† to a â€Å"woman rebel† by focusing on Ibsen’s use of linguistic techniques. First of all, the development of Nora’s personality is portrayed with much intricacy and subtlety. WhenRead MoreAre We Free to Make Our Own Choices in Life?2263 Words   |  10 Pages1st essay Are we free to make our own choices in life? Although it sounds appealing to make ones own decision freely, it is actually an impractable goal as the society has exerted significant influence and restrictions on individuals and has shaped ones value of what they should do and what they should not do. In todays society, people are more free to make our own choices than we were before, but it is true that we canno indulge our interests at the cost of transgressing the basic rules ofRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 Pagesattributing no theoretical to her work; she admitted preten having significance sions at all, claiming only accuracy and proportion and wit for her vir tues.1 once Despite again the her well-known of demurrers, subject in Jane I want Austens in this essay to raise canvass problem novels?to to social from a sociological point of view the nature of her response and economic in English society. My reason for sifting over the changes in the evidence is that I think an adjustment already finely groundRead MoreArt or Propaganda? - a comparison between Alain Locke and W.E.B.Dubois5435 Words   |  22 Pagesthe twenties: the Negro as a producer and a subject of art, and the Negros artistic output as indices of his contribution to American life. (Linnemann R.J. p 79) In essense, both Locke and DuBois agreed about what constituted good art. It was the function of art on which they did not agree. DuBois doubted if one could really have a disembodied art or beauty; but Locke was not seeking for the Negro writer a disembodied beauty. (Linnemann, R.J. p 92) DuBois strongly disagreed with Lockes view thatRead MoreTransformation Essay4046 Words   |  17 Pages[i]English 102-26 03/08/2012 Personal Myth Research Essay FD My Transformations We propose changes, transformations, evolutions and revolutions and yet neglect to realize our own mistakes, as of to where we should start changing and therefore find the proper ways to make these changes come true so a truly transformation can take place. My life has been a completely trial and error ever since I got out of high school in the sense that when I graduated I had not a single clueRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 PagesHer Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 5.2. Men of sense and silly wives 26 5.3. Emma as the unusual learning. 28 Conclusions 30 Bibliography: 31 Introduction Read MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 PagesThroughout our lives, we often deal with boundaries created by society and ourselves. Racism and prejudices have plagued our society for years. There have been many people using many methods techniques in the fight against racism. One man used his art and the power of words to bring forth the issues of injustice suffered in America, he was Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes was a Negro Writer, born at the turn of the century in 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His ancestry included three major race groupsRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesrestaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and other injustices. His favoriteRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Summary and Analysis11462 Words   |  46 Pagesmore difficult, but it does not seem to alter his behavior, since his imagination leads him to think the supernatural things are real. He continues to read these stories, and he continues to walk home after dark. His imagination in its fantasizing function does, however, seriously affect his life in that it reinforces his impotence. Ichabod’s imagination is so powerful that he believes himself essentially already the owner of the Van Tassel farm. Because he gets so much joy out of this fantasy, heRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays340 79 Words   |  137 Pagesprivate and public, and decide upon the best types of clothes for us to wear and the best kinds of food for us to 11 Propaganda eat. But we have chosen the opposite method, that of open competition. We must find a way to make free competition function with reasonable smoothness. To achieve this society has consented to permit free competition to be organized by leadership and propaganda. Some of the phenomena of this process are criticized—the manipulation of news, the inflation of personality

The Importance of the Middle Ages Essay - 479 Words

The Importance of the Middle Ages The Middle Ages was a time of great importance. From this time period, we are given unbelievable cathedrals, beautiful art, and exhilarating music. All of these things were done in order to show peoples devotion towards God. The cathedrals were built as a place of worship, the art was painted to enhance the look of cathedrals such as stain glass windows, and the music, to praise the Lord with their voices. The main reason people did these types of things was to be with God, in their own way until they made it to heaven, which was known as the Age of Faith. The art from the Middle Ages reflected a great deal on the relationship between God and humans. Many of the art that was done, was of Jesus†¦show more content†¦Other paintings would show saints with halos and humans, looking upwards towards heaven as if they were to rise to God. On page 135, there is a painting showing Jesus when he is captured, being dragged by the crowed that look like demons with sharp teeth. Only Jesus, in the painting, looks like a normal human being with the exception of having a halo around his head, and everyone else looks as if they were possessed. Music from the Middle Ages was done in the same manner as the art. Music was a major part of Christian worship. It was all devoted to God and Jesus, with songs showing their faith in them. The daily liturgy was all set to music in the style, which was called Gregorian chant. In the Middle Ages most professional musicians were employed by the Christian church, which caused them to write songs showing praise to God. People believed that if they were to sing to God, that He would intern, hear them and their prayers. And in most cases, people would devout their lives as nuns or monks, who would later develop the Gregorian chant. Another relation, which was made, was the cathedral. The one of the reason that cathedrals were made was because people wanted to show their devotion to God. The cathedrals were built as high as was possible back then and sometimes beyond that, reaching heights that would make them look as if they ended in heaven. This was what the builders were trying to do , make their cathedral the biggest and mostShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Medicine In The Middle Ages849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. In the Middle Ages there were difficulties, such as famine, plague, and war which brings in the medicine. Medicine back then was used very different from how it is now. It has surely improved and advanced due to newest technology and research. The Middle Ages, the period in history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance (roughly 500 to 1400 A.D.), was very much a time of darkness for modern civilization. ItRead MoreThe Importance of the Clergy during the Middle Ages1039 Words   |  4 PagesRough Draft For The Clergy What was the middle ages like? What were the religions they believed in? What was the* Medieval Feudalism like? What was Medieval Feudalism? These questions will all be answered and a more that you might ask. In these pages you will learn about the Middle ages and mostly about the Clergy, one of the most important and busiest parts of Medieval Feudalism.*First, what was Medieval Feudalism? Medieval Feudalism was when the King was the most powerful person who also controlledRead More The Late Middle Ages Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages, often referred to as the Dark Ages, was regarded to be a time of despair, disease, and death. Just as the name the â€Å"Dark Ages† suggests, this period of European history seemed to be surrounded by darkness and hopelessness. Unfortunately, the majority of people only see this side of the Middle Ages when, in fact, the Middle Ages was a much more important era. Especially during the late Middle Ages, one can find a change in o rthodox social structure, political instability mostly concernedRead MoreThe Renaissance And Its Influence On The Arts And Learning Succeeding The Dark Ages862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance acutely influenced the revival and rehabilitation of enthusiasm for the arts and learning succeeding the Dark ages. The Dark Ages was a time that consisted of barbarian attacks, whose sole intent was to erase the ancient teachings. The Middle Ages differed from the time in which the Renaissance occurred. There are some main characteristics the Renaissance possessed. 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English Legal System and Legal Skills

Question: Essay Question The Ministry of Justice policy on Prisoner Communication Services (PSI 49/2011) prohibited prisoners in custody, including those on temporary release from prison, from accessing social networking sites. Outline the current domestic legislation which grants the executive power to pass policies detailing the treatment and rights of prisoners, and discuss the relevance of the Human Rights Act 1998 and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights when interpreting that legislation and those policies. Critically assess the policy set out in PSI 49/2011 with reference to domestic and supranational legal sources as well as relevant academic commentary. Answer: Introduction Following a number of guidelines, rules and regulations runs the prisoners and prisons. The Prison Service Orders (PSO) and the Prison Service Instructions (PSI) generally outline all such regulations like the 2011-76 Prisoners Earnings Act 1996, 2011-49 Prisoner Communication Services, etc. The First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders stated that standard minimum rules regarding contact of the prisoners with outside world includes communication with their family and certain friends under proper supervision at regular intervals by receiving visits and also by correspondence. Also prisoners shall be regularly informed about important news by providing them with newspapers, special publications or such periodicals, lectures, wireless transmissions, etc. under supervision. As per Prisons Act 1952, Prisoners have certain basic rights which will be there despite they are imprisoned. The fundamental right is the access to courts and also respe ct for ones integrity. These should not be assaulted at all. Prisoners loose only those civil rights which are taken away by the statute and they do not have any right to vote as well. Case Study Recently a case was taken up by the Prisoners Advice Service regarding a prisoner X who wanted to post some content on his personal social media account in Twitter, but had been refrained from doing so. His content to be sent out included awareness regarding and support for the campaign he had been running against conviction. He did not have direct access to his twitter account, which was managed by his friends. Upon such refusal, the prison resorted to relief under the section 12.11 of the Prison Service Instructions 49/2011, which very clearly states that prisoners are not allowed to contribute or access any social media site with the help of a third person when such person is in custody. The Prisoner Service Instruction (PAS) argued that X was using his personal account not as a social media site, instead like a micro-blogging platform. The section 11.3 (j) (iii) of the Prisoner Service Instructions 49/2011 mentions that any content to be published with the help of radio, Internet or television if contains information about the crime of the prisoner itself or any of his past offences, except in the case of information regarding sentences or convictions, or a part of any such serious crime or conviction. In the United Kingdom the Human Rights for prisoners have for years been a topic of contention. Some people believe that there should be access to some human rights for all the prisoners, regardless of their present or past deed. Whereas on the other hand some people very strongly put forward the fact that those who have committed any crime, have violated basic human rights, thus anyone who has been found guilty of a crime, need to revoke their human rights also. However the case may be, when a person is sentenced to jail some of his rights will automatically be compromised with. Under any situation some rights are always provided to an individual like the right to water and food, education, healthcare, a solicitor, communication outside of the prison, follow religion, start a family, discrimination, etc. The European Commission on Human Rights stated that the human rights of prisoners can be compromised depending on the situations. For example when it comes to contact with the outside world, the prisoners do not have any access to the Internet, mobile phones or computers. Also they are not allowed to use or access any social networking sites. This also means that no one can post any updates on the personal account of a prisoner on any social site on his behalf. Article 10 Of Echr Article 10 European Commission on Human Rights states that everyone has a right to freedom to hold opinions without the interference of any authority. On exercising such freedoms, the law may prescribe some restrictions, conditions, etc. keeping in mind the interest of the public like safety, national security, etc. In the case referred to above, X was ready to get the content that he wanted to post on his Twitter handle to be first checked by the prison, which was at par with the Prisoner Communication Services rule. In this case it was thus agreed that there was no need for imposition of ban on his twitter update as X was complying with the rules. The Policy Lead of the Equality, Rights and Decency Group of the NOMS told X that he could put up status on his personal Twitter account if he wants to make any serious representation regarding conviction, provided the contents did not breach any rules. If any prisoner wishes to utilize his social account regarding any serious representation regarding a sentence or crime, the judicial system, etc. the prisoner has the right to seek permission from the prison for it. He can resort to legal help if the prison refuses. It is the age of digital communication and social media. But the inmates of a prison are barred from accessing all social media. This has been presented clearly in the Prison Service Instruction [PSI 49/2011] known as the Prisoner Communication Services. Being the age of digitalization, people often think prisoners shall have access to social media and thus reach out to a larger audience. Whereas, everyone who is in prison is barred from accessing any social networking media be it Twitter or Facebook. Not even the family or friends of such serving cons can access their accounts on their behalf. Ministry Of Justice In the year 2012 the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) along with the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) initiated all the rules when a group of prisoners posted pictures of themselves laughing and enjoying in their cells. Tabloids like the Daily Mail and The Sun stated those pictures as proof that the security in the prisons was very relaxed. This led to setting up of such new laws by the MOJ. In very rare cases are the prisoners given direct access to the Internet. The only exceptions include D-cat prisoners who have the permission to go to Internet cafes or local libraries when they are granted with the Release on Temporary License (ROTL). The ROTL can be granted for few days or when the prisoners are granted leave for maximum 4 days to go home. Even in such case they are strictly banned from using any kind of social media, especially Facebook. The security department of the prison continuously monitors this. However, it has been seen that serving prisoners can often pass out notes written by hand to their family and friends who can post it on social media on their behalf. This can only be done if the message is not offensive or threatening in any way. There have been quite a few famous bloggers who have blogged while sentencing prison like Adam Mac from HMP Wakefield, John (Benn) Gun and Erwin James to name a few. Adam Mac in one of his blog posts states that one of the most discussed problems in prisons are that of prison communication. The NOMS Agency Board PSI 49/2011 states that under Prisoner Communications, the prisoners are allowed to communicate with their friends, family and legal advisers. Also there are minimum statutory requirements in the case of written letters, including special letters. However they are restricted from sending any such letters or any information that is deemed to be illicit. Article 12.11 states that prisoners are not allowed to access any social website, even with the help of a third party, while they are in prison. This also includes prisoners who have been temporarily released from prison. Prisoners can access Internet only when they require help for educational and resettlement purposes. If any prisoner is found to be active on Facebook the matter is to be immediately bought to the notice of the security manager of the prison. New Technology In Prisons The Stack mentioned that the Chancellor George Osborne mentioned in the Autumn Statement that the UK prisons are contemplating the launch of technologies that will help in the blocking of mobile phones and Internet in prisons. This step has been taken to prevent the inmates of prisons from accessing calls and Internet from mobile phones in an attempt to improve the Prison Service of the country. The Ministry of Justice stated that this would involve investment of about 1.3 billion euros. This strategy has been devised in order to improve their safety measures by barring the use of illicit mobile phones. Between the years 2013-14 more than 7400phones and SIM cards have been seized by the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) from prisons across Wales and England. As per Prison Act 1952, every prison shall have a governor, and a medical officer and such other officers as may be necessary. Every prison in which women are received shall have a sufficient number of women officers. In prisons all landline calls are continuously monitored, but it has been seen that calls made from mobile phones often go under the radar. Such phones are being utilized in order to import drugs and firearms, for arranging murder and also for planning of coordinated escape by organized serious criminals. As claimed by the Ministry of Justice these measures will reduce availability of drugs and such other illicit substances, and also organized crimes happening in the prisons. The Ministry of Justice states that these measures shall reduce the cost involved in management of the prisons. The National Offender Management Service The National Offender Management Service (NOMS) states that paragraph 12.11 of the PSI 49/2011 has clearly stated that both prisoners serving their term in custody and also those who are temporarily out of the prison are restricted from accessing social network sites even with the help of a third party. If in an open research it was discovered that the SNS profile of the prisoner was active or had been updated during his custody, the staff of the CAB are entitled to immediately make contact with the provider of the SNS service and take appropriate actions. The Prison cannot directly contact the SNS provider. They need to take assistance of the CAB. Article 8 Of ECHR The Article 8 of the European Court of Human Rights deals with the retention and protection of the personal data of an individual. It states that no public authority has the right to interfere, except when it is considered to be necessary and in interests of public safety, prevention of crime, protection of morals, freedom and rights of public and also national security. The Internet has given rise to the need of constant surveillance to track the entire online communication happening. The European Court of Human Rights has often brought forward the topic of telephone calls and use of Internet services being used by the prisoners to be monitored by public authorities. The Article 10 of the European Court of Human Rights deals with the Freedom of Expression. However Article 10 clearly states that there are a few exceptions to freedom of expression. It can at no cost lead to defamation of any individual. Also no individual under prison sentence is allowed to access social media to post anything that goes beyond the Article 10. It is the basic Human Right of an individual to express his opinions. But in the case of a person serving his term in prison some of his Human Rights are automatically withdrawn. He is not allowed to use the social media for matters related to his conviction. Conclusion In fact the use of social media while in prison or even during the temporary release from prison is completely prohibited by the laws of UK. A public authority has all the rights to interfere the prisoner from doing so. However, there are some exceptions to the case. Some prisoners do have special permission to blog or access Internet for educational and resettlement purposes. Bibliography Adam Mac, (2015). Prisoner Communications: Part One. [online] Available at: https://adammac.co.uk/2015/09/20/prisoner-communications-part-one/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. BBC News, (2016). Profile: European Court of Human Rights - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16924514 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Bbc.co.uk, (2016). The (surprising) things you're allowed in your prison cell. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/31089469/the-surprising-things-youre-allowed-in-your-prison-cell [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Corrections.vic.gov.au, (2016). Communication - Corrections, Prisons Parole Victoria. [online] Available at: https://www.corrections.vic.gov.au/home/prison/going+to+prison/communication/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Council of Europe, A. (2016). Commissioner for Human Rights - Social media and human rights. Issue Discussion Paper commissioned and published by Thomas Hammarberg, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights. [online] Wcd.coe.int. Available at: https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1904319 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Equalityhumanrights.com, (2016). The Human Rights Act | Equality and Human Rights Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/your-rights/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Goldsborough, E., 1952. Prison and Prisoner's Aid and Coordinate Efforts At Family Readjustment.The Prison Journal, 32(4), pp.190-194. Gov.uk, (2016). Staying in touch with someone in prison - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/staying-in-touch-with-someone-in-prison/the-internet-and-social-media [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Gov.uk, (2014). NOMS service specifications for secure and decent custody - Publications - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-offender-management-service-noms-service-specifications-for-secure-and-decent-custody [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Gov.uk, (2016). Staying in touch with someone in prison - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/staying-in-touch-with-someone-in-prison/letters-and-telephone-calls [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Hughes, J., 1954. Kentucky's Reaction To the Prison Riot of 1952.The Prison Journal, 34(1), pp.46-48. Henley, J. (2013). 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Article 8 Right to a private and family life | Liberty. [online] Available at: https://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act/article-8-right-private-and-family-life [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Ohchr.org, (2016). Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. [online] Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/TreatmentOfPrisoners.aspx [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Pressandjournal.co.uk, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/north-east/peterhead/656070/wardens-crack-down-on-social-media-use-in-prisons/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Rayner, G. (2015). More prisoners should have internet access in jail, prisons inspector Nick Hardwick says. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/11663099/More-prisoners-should-have-internet-access-in-jail-prisons-inspector-Nick-Hardwick-says.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Researchbriefings.parliament.uk, (2016). Research Briefings - UK cases at the European Court of Human Rights since 1975. [online] Available at: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05611 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. TechnoLlama, (2012). Should jailed convicts have access to social media?. [online] Available at: https://www.technollama.co.uk/should-jailed-convicts-have-access-to-social-media [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. The Daily Dot, (2015). The case for Facebook in prisonwhy Internet access is a basic human right. [online] Available at: https://www.dailydot.com/opinion/facebook-prisons-internet-access-human-right/ [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. The Guardian, (2009). A-Z of legislation: Human Rights Act 1998. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jan/14/human-rights-act [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. The Guardian, (2016). European court of human rights | Law | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/european-court-of-human-rights [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. VICE, (2016). How Prison Inmates Get on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram | VICE | United States. [online] Available at: https://www.vice.com/read/how-convicts-get-on-facebook-twitter-and-instagram-in-prison-211 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.prisonersadvice.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/bulletin65.pdf [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. LawOnTheWeb.co.uk, (2016). Prison Law Prisoners' Rights | Law on the Web. [online] Available at: https://www.lawontheweb.co.uk/legal-help/prison-law [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Cavendish, A., Cavendish, A. and profile, V. (2014). Prison UK: An Insider's View: Censorship Behind Bars. [online] Prisonuk.blogspot.in. Available at: https://prisonuk.blogspot.in/2014/08/censorship-behind-bars.html [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. MacGregor, A. (2015). UK prisons crack down on internet and mobile phone use. [online] The Stack. Available at: https://thestack.com/security/2015/11/26/uk-prisons-to-crack-down-on-inmate-internet-and-mobile-phone-use/ [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/offenders/psipso/psi-2015/PSI-27-2015-AI-17-2015-Open-Source-Research.pdf [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Communications Data Retention in an Evolving Internet, by Ian Brown, International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Oxford University Press 2010.